PREFACE
The 21st century has witnessed unprecedented challenges in the field of health sciences, ranging from global pandemics to the rapid transformation of social structures influencing disease patterns. This volume brings together diverse yet interconnected studies that aim to shed light on both the biological and social determinants of health in the post-pandemic era.
The first contribution addresses fibrotic lung disease in the post-COVID-19 era, providing mechanistic insights into its pathophysiology and discussing emerging therapeutic approaches. As pulmonary fibrosis emerges as one of the most critical long-term sequelae of COVID-19, understanding its molecular pathways and targeted treatments has become a pressing priority in respiratory medicine.
Another study examines the impact of urbanization on thyroid cancer incidence by gender in Türkiye. This research highlights how lifestyle changes, environmental exposures, and urban living conditions intersect with gender dynamics to influence cancer epidemiology. By offering a gender-sensitive analysis, it underscores the importance of integrating demographic and environmental factors into public health strategies.
The third study focuses on women’s employment status and its role in applications to family physicians, illustrating the social dimension of healthcare utilization. This perspective draws attention to the ways in which economic participation and gender roles directly shape access to and demand for primary healthcare services, ultimately reflecting the broader relationship between society and health systems.
Finally, the volume includes a discussion of targeted therapies and molecular pathways in pulmonary diseases, emphasizing the rapid advances in precision medicine. The integration of molecular biology into clinical practice has not only expanded treatment options but also transformed the very framework of respiratory disease management.
Taken together, these contributions provide a multidimensional view of health — from the molecular mechanisms that drive pulmonary pathologies to the social determinants that shape healthcare-seeking behavior and disease incidence. By bridging clinical, molecular, and sociological perspectives, the volume aims to enrich the ongoing dialogue in health sciences, offering both theoretical insights and practical implications for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers.
In doing so, this collection highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address the complexities of modern health challenges, ensuring that scientific progress remains aligned with the realities of human life and societal transformation.
Dr. Ulviyya JAFAROVA
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