SHARED IDENTITY AND PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE: THE HISTORY OF THOUGHT IN TURKIC CULTURE

Description

The history of world philosophical thought is mainly based on the study and presentation of the development path of Western philosophy. There is an objective reality here. Because in Europe, philosophy emerged at the level of science even before our era and developed at a great speed. The famous Plato Academy, which operated in Ancient Greece, played an important role in the history of world philosophical thought. The names and services of Socrates, who is considered the teacher of Western philosophy, and Aristotle, whom Platos Academy gave to humanity, are famous in the world. For many years, Aristotle has been considered the most powerful representative of world philosophical thought. The foundations of the vast majority of scientific fields that exist in the modern world today were laid by Aristotle. In the Middle Ages and later periods, Western philosophy also had world-renowned philosophers such as Georg Hegel, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, and others. Along with all this, philosophical thought in the Turkic world has emerged since ancient times and has undergone its own unique development. However, for several reasons, the study and teaching, and even the promotion, of Turkish philosophical thought has remained in the background. First of all, since Turkish philosophical thought in ancient times arose and developed mainly through oral folk literature and folklore examples are rightly considered examples of fiction, it has not been studied from a philosophical perspective for a long time. In my opinion, in the light of independence, there is a sufficiently rich material for conducting research on philosophical thought in the oral folk literature of each of the Turkic peoples and writing monographs. Secondly, the socio-political and philosophical movements of the Turkic peoples in ancient times and the Middle Ages were largely criticized and not included in the scope of scientific research during the Soviet era, which was a strictly atheist society, because they were of a religious nature.

Movements such as Hurufism and Sufism, which had been active for a long time in the Middle Ages, were generally considered religious- mystical teachings and presented as reactionary movements outside the scientific circulation. Thirdly, since the concept of national philosophy was limited during the Soviet period and only the direction of forming a unified Soviet socio-philosophical thought was considered a priority, the history of philosophical thought of the Turkic peoples was not even remembered.

Only since the eighties of the 20th century have efforts been made to bring the history of philosophical thought of individual Turkic peoples, including Azerbaijan, to the agenda. In any case, the department of History of Azerbaijani Philosophical Thought is one of the relatively young scientific institutions of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of ANAS. As is known, since the period of independence, along with the history of world philosophical thought, a certain revival has been observed in the field of studying the path of development of the philosophical thought of the Turkic peoples. However, this process has been developed over the past thirty years with the expansion of the tendency to study the history of philosophical thought of each of the Turkic peoples separately. Thus, dissertations, monographs and articles dedicated to the history of philosophical thought of the Turkic, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen peoples, as well as the history
of philosophical thought of Azerbaijan, or the scientific heritage of those who created philosophy in those peoples, have begun to appear mainly since the period of independence. This, in turn, has brought to mind the necessity of the emergence of the concepts of the history of all-Turkic philosophical thought or Turkish philosophy…